Chromogenic Substrates in Haemostasis
Chromogenic substrates are small synthetic peptides which mimic the natural substrate of the enzyme and have a detector chromophore, typically para-nitroaniline (pNA), attached to the cleavage site. Enzymatic cleavage releases pNA and results in a colour change, which can be followed spectrophotometrically and is proportional to the activity of the enzyme.
The concept of chromogenic substrates originated in the 1960s when researchers sought alternatives to traditional clot-based assays for coagulation testing. Early work in enzymology led to the development of synthetic peptide substrates that release a detectable chromophore upon cleavage by specific proteases. One of the first widely used chromogenic substrates was developed by Kabi Diagnostica (now Chromogenix) and was designed to mimic thrombin cleavage site of fibrinogen to measure thrombin activity (S-2160).
Over time, advancements in peptide chemistry and analytical techniques led to the development of more selective and stable chromogenic substrates. Chromogenic substrate technology was employed for investigation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis mechanisms, and is now widely used as part of routine haemostasis assays for measuring factor activity in plasma and quality control (QC) of pharmaceutical preparations.
We are pleased to offer an extensive range of chromogenic substrates, sensitive and selective to serine proteases of the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways, from leading manufacturers, including Chromogenix, 5-Diagnostics, and Hyphen BioMed.
INTERACTIVE GUIDE FOR QUADRATECH DIAGNOSTICS’ RANGE OF CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATES
| Analyte | Substrate Formula | Chromogenix | 5-Diagnostics | Hyphen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor Xa | Bz-Ile-Glu(γ-OR)-Gly-Arg-pNA•HCl | S-2222 | 5-CHROM-22 | BIOPHEN CS-11(22) |
| Suc-Ile-Glu(γ-Pip)-Gly-Arg-pNA•HCl | 5-CHROM-32 | BIOPHEN CS-11(32) | ||
| Z-D-Arg-Gly-Arg-pNA•2HCl | S-2765 | 5-CHROM-65 | BIOPHEN CS-11(65) | |
| Thrombin | H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA•2HCl | S-2238 | 5-CHROM-38 | BIOPHEN CS-01(38) |
| Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNa•AcOH | 5-CHROM-81 | BIOPHEN CS-01(81) | ||
| Plasmin & Streptokinase-activated Plasminogen | H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA•2HCl | S-2251 | ||
| pyroGlu-Phe-Lys-pNA•HCl | S-2403 | 5-CHROM-03 | BIOPHEN CS-41(03) | |
| Tissue Plasminogen Activator & Broad Spectrum | H-D-Ile-Pro-Arg-pNA•2HCl | S-2288 | 5-CHROM-88 | BIOPHEN CS-05(88) |
| Plasma Kallikrein & Factor XIIa | H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA•2HCl | S-2302 | 5-CHROM-02 | BIOPHEN CS-31(02) |
| Activated Protein C & Factor XIa | pyroGlu-Pro-Arg-pNA•HCl | S-2366 | 5-CHROM-66 | BIOPHEN CS-21(66) |
| Urokinase | pyroGlu-Gly-Arg-pNA•HCl | 5-CHROM-44 | BIOPHEN CS-61(44) |
We will be introducing the next-generation of chromogenic substrates, starting with QD-SUB-366 for Activated Protein C, Factor XIa. QD-SUB-366 (pyroGlu-Pro-Arg-pNA•HCl) features excellent stability of amino acid pNA labelling, extended shelf-life of 4+ years, and excellent lot-to-lot reproducibility.
Contact us to preorder.
